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Part I: 1996 & Part II: 1998

This act governs divorce proceedings in Ghana.

Chinese Title: 海南省实施《妇女权益保障法》办法

Chinese Title: 甘肃省实施《妇女权益保障法》办法

Chinese Title: 吉林省实施《妇女权益保障法》办法

Chinese Title: 山西省实施《妇女权益保障法》办法

Chinese Title: 云南省实施《妇女权益保障法》办法

Chinese Title: 河南省实施《妇女权益保障法》办法

Chinese Title: 福建省实施《妇女权益保障法》办法

Chinese Title: 河北省实施《妇女权益保障法》办法

Chinese Title: 山东省实施《妇女权益保障法》办法

Chinese Title: 青海省实施《妇女权益保障法》办法

Chinese Title: 西藏自治区实施《妇女权益保障法》办法

Chinese Title: 广西壮族自治区实施《妇女权益保障法》办法

This framework is intended to help you assess the current situation for women’s land rights in a specific country, state, or community.

This framework is intended to help you assess the current situation for women’s land rights in a specific country, state, or community.

"This article draws on field research in different parts of Tanzania—the southern highlands, the central plateau, the shores of Lake Tanganyika, to the west, and the lush valley of Babati, in the northern region of Manyara—to examine the gendered outcomes of the land-formalization process. We present a number of specific case studies, involving women in varying social positions and land parcels of different value. Over the course of eight years, our team also investigated titling in some forty villages, assessing the certification data in the land registries of different districts.4 First, though, it may be helpful to set out some more general coordinates of land formalization."

"The United States Agency for International Development (USAID)/Rwanda contracted Banyan Global to identify key gender and social inclusion advances, opportunities, inequalities, and constraints across Rwanda’s democracy and governance, economic growth, health, and education sectors. The findings and recommendations in this report offer insights to the USAID/Rwanda mission as it develops its 2020–2024 country development cooperation strategy (CDCS)."

Abstract

The importance of the charcoal sector is growing rapidly in Sub-Saharan Africa. In addition to providing an affordable energy source for residents in the continent's growing urban centers, the charcoal value chain offers a critical income source for millions of people. Despite recent studies suggesting that women are taking on an increasing role in charcoal value chains, data and analysis on the role of women and the influence of gendered power relations in the often male-coded charcoal value chain have remained limited. This literature review interrogates the gender dynamics of participation and benefits across charcoal value chains in Sub-Saharan Africa. We find significant support for women's participation throughout value chains, thereby contrasting conventional views of charcoal as a male activity. However, while dynamics change between different contexts, women's participation tends to be significantly higher in retail, while women tend to constitute a minority in other parts of the value chain – often joining the sector in the absence of alternative livelihood opportunities. The review also finds that gender differences exist across various nodes in terms of the scope, nature and outcomes of participation. While significant regional differences exist, our study finds that participation and outcomes tend to generally be influenced by gender differences and inequalities in: 1) access to and control over productive resources and income; 2) social and political capital, and; 3) gender roles and responsibilities. Importantly, other axes of social differentiation, such as generation, marital status, wealth and social class, often intersect with gender relations in influencing outcomes. In addition to structuring the extent, nature and outcomes of women and men's participation, we argue that gender roles and relations may significantly influence the efficiency and sustainability of the charcoal value chain. Based on our findings, we call for placing gender at the core – rather than periphery – of charcoal value chain studies, and propose a conceptual framework for incorporating gender analysis in future value chain studies in the charcoal sector.

International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)

Full citation: Flintan, F., Ebro, A., Balehegn, M., Aden, H., Disasa, H., Negasa, B., Assefa, A., Eba, B., Getahun, Y. and Mohammed, M. 2019. Household dynamics in pastoral communities and implications for humanitarian aid interventions. ILRI Discussion Paper 37. Nairobi, Kenya: ILRI.

An Act to provide for the management and administration of customary land and for matters connected therewith and incidental thereto.